Primary sources preserve surprise, humor, disgust, routine, and practical detail.
Bias
Writers interpreted unfamiliar practices through class, gender, cultural, and environmental assumptions.
Search terms
Use bodewash, buffalo chips, cow chips, prairie coal, dung fuel, and bois de vache.
Frequently asked questions
What does bodewash mean?
Dried buffalo or cow dung used as fuel.
Is it the same as buffalo chips?
The terms can overlap, though buffalo chips is more familiar.
Where did the word come from?
It developed from American French bois de vache.
Why did people burn dung?
Because wood was scarce or costly to transport.
Did only settlers use it?
No. Indigenous and pastoral communities had longstanding fuel knowledge.
Is indoor burning safe?
Solid-fuel smoke can harm health; this site documents history rather than recommending use.